<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestifm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-математических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-2430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestifm-283</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ДИНАМИКА СВОБОДНЫХ НОСИТЕЛЕЙ В ТЯЖЕЛЫХ СКИНТИЛЯЦИОННЫХ МАТЕРИАЛАХ СО СТРУКТУРОЙ ГРАНАТА</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>FREE CARRIERS DYNAMICS IN HEAVY SCINTILLATION MATERIALS WITH GARNET STRUCTURE</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомиров</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>член-корреспондент, доктор физико-математических наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория физики инфракрасных лучей</p><p>пр. Независимости, 68, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Corresponding Member, Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Infrared Rays</p><p>68, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s.tik@ifanbel.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луккини</surname><given-names>М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Lucchini</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, сотрудник</p><p>1123 Женева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), staff</p><p>1123 Geneva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Marco.lucchini@cern.ch</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Буганов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Buganov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, заместитель заведующего лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория физики инфракрасных лучей</p><p>пр. Независимости, 68, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Deputy Head of the Laboratory of Physics of Infrared Rays</p><p>68, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">o.buganov@ifanbel.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Офрей</surname><given-names>Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Auffray</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>кандидат физико-математических наук, сотрудник </p><p>1123 Женева</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), staff</p><p>1123 Geneva</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Etiennette.Auffray@cern.ch</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Kоржик</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korjik</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, заведующий лабораторией</p><p>лаборатория экспериментальной физики высоких энергий</p><p>ул. Бобруйская, 11, 220030, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Head of the Laboratory of Experimental High Energy Physics</p><p>11, Bobruiskaya Str., 220030, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">korzhik@inp.bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Koзлов</surname><given-names>Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kozlov</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p><p>лаборатория экспериментальной физики высоких энергий</p><p>ул. Бобруйская, 11, 220030, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Postgraduate</p><p>11, Bobruiskaya, 220030, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kozlov@inp.bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наргелас</surname><given-names>С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nargelas</surname><given-names>S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научный сотрудник</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Research Worker</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">saulius.nargelas@ff.vu.lt</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тамулайтис</surname><given-names>Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tamulaitis</surname><given-names>G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of the Department</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gintautas.tamulaitis@ff.vu.lt</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вайткевичус</surname><given-names>А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vaitkevičius</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ph. D. Student</p><p>Sauletekioal. – III, Vilnius</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">augustas.vaitkevichus@ff.vu.lt</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Йошикава</surname><given-names>Aкира</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yoshikava</surname><given-names>Akira</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yoshikawa@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики им. Б. И. Степанова Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ЦЕРН</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CERN</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт ядерных проблем Белорусского государственного университета</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute for Nuclear Problems of the Belarusian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Вильнюсский университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Vilnius University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Университет Тохоку</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tohoky University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>01</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>72</fpage><lpage>78</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Тихомиров С.А., Луккини М., Буганов О.В., Офрей Е., Kоржик М.В., Koзлов Д., Наргелас С., Тамулайтис Г., Вайткевичус А., Йошикава A., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Тихомиров С.А., Луккини М., Буганов О.В., Офрей Е., Kоржик М.В., Koзлов Д., Наргелас С., Тамулайтис Г., Вайткевичус А., Йошикава A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tikhomirov S.A., Lucchini M., Buganov O.V., Auffray E., Korjik M.V., Kozlov D., Nargelas S., Tamulaitis G., Vaitkevičius A., Yoshikava A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/283">https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/283</self-uri><abstract><p>Легированные ионами Се кристаллы Lu3 Al5 O12 (LuAG) и Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 (GAGG) с и без кодопирования ионами Mg2+ исследованы методом нелинейной абсорбционной спектроскопии. Ускорение времени нарастания переходного оптического поглощения наблюдалось в кристаллах, кодопированных ионами Mg, по сравнению с образцами без Mg. Выявлено существенное различие во временной эволюции дифференциальной оптической плотности в GAGG в сравнении с кристаллом LuAG. В гадолиниевых гранатах наблюдается полоса поглощения в сине- зеленом диапазоне с затуханием с характерным временем ~2 пс. Эта полоса соотнесена поглощению свободными электронами до их захвата примесными ионами Ce3+. Широкая полоса переходного поглощения в желто-красной области обусловлена поглощением из возбужденных состояний ионов Ce3+. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ce-doped Lu3 Al5 O12 (LuAG), and Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 (GAGG) crystals with and without codoping by Mg2+ ions have been studied by the nonlinear absorption spectroscopy method. A faster rise time of transient optical absorption has been observed in all crystals codoped with Mg in comparison to Mg-free samples. A significant difference in the time evolution of the differential optical density in GAGG in comparison to LuAG crystals is revealed. in gadolinium garnets an absorption band peaked in the blue-green range and decaying with characteristic time of ~2 ps is observed. This band is considered to be due to absorption of free electrons before their trapping by Ce3+doping ions. A broad transient absorption band in the yellowred region is attributed to absorption from the Ce3+ excited states. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>переходное поглощение</kwd><kwd>сцинтилляторы</kwd><kwd>разгорание люминесценции</kwd><kwd>кинетика люминесценции</kwd><kwd>гранаты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>transient absorption</kwd><kwd>scintillators</kwd><kwd>luminescence rise</kwd><kwd>luminescence kinetics</kwd><kwd>garnets</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was supported by COST Action TD1401 “Fast Advanced Scintillator Timing (FAST)” and MSC RICE INTELUM Project and the Belarus Foundation for Fundamental Research.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gundacker S., Auffray E., Pauwels K., Lecoq P. Measurement of intrinsic rise times for various LYSO and LuAG scintillators with a general study 430 of prompt photons to achieve 10 ps in TOF-PET. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2016, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2802–2837. Doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/7/2802</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gundacker S., Auffray E., Pauwels K., Lecoq P. Measurement of intrinsic rise times for various LYSO and LuAG scintillators with a general study 430 of prompt photons to achieve 10 ps in TOF-PET. Physics in Medicine and Biology, 2016, vol. 61, no. 7, pp. 2802–2837. Doi: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/7/2802</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamada K., Endo T., Tsutumi K., Yanagida T., Fujimoto Y., Fukabori A., Yoshikawa, Pejchal A. J., Nikl M. Composition Engineering in Cerium-Doped (Lu,Gd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12 Single-Crystal Scintillators. Crystal Growth and Design, 2011, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 4484–4490. Doi: 10.1021/cg200694a</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamada K., Endo T., Tsutumi K., Yanagida T., Fujimoto Y., Fukabori A., Yoshikawa, Pejchal A. J., Nikl M. Composition Engineering in Cerium-Doped (Lu,Gd)3 (Ga,Al)5 O12 Single-Crystal Scintillators. Crystal Growth and Design, 2011, vol. 11, no. 10, pp. 4484–4490. Doi: 10.1021/cg200694a</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamada K., Yanagida T., Pejchal J., Nikl M., Endo T., Tsutsumi K., Fujimoto Y., Fukabori A., Yoshikawa A. Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Ce Doped rmGd3 (rmGa,rmAl)5 rmO12 Single Crystals. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2012, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2112–2115. Doi: 10.1109/tns.2012.2197024</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamada K., Yanagida T., Pejchal J., Nikl M., Endo T., Tsutsumi K., Fujimoto Y., Fukabori A., Yoshikawa A. Crystal Growth and Scintillation Properties of Ce Doped rmGd3 (rmGa,rmAl)5 rmO12 Single Crystals. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2012, vol. 59, no. 5, pp. 2112–2115. Doi: 10.1109/tns.2012.2197024</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yadav S. K., Uberuaga B. P., Nikl M., Jiang C., Stanek C. R.. Band-Gap and Band-Edge Engineering of Multicomponent Garnet Scintillators from First Principles. Physical Review Applied, 2015, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 054012. Doi: 1103/phys revapplied.4.054012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yadav S. K., Uberuaga B. P., Nikl M., Jiang C., Stanek C. R.. Band-Gap and Band-Edge Engineering of Multicomponent Garnet Scintillators from First Principles. Physical Review Applied, 2015, vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 054012. Doi: 1103/phys revapplied.4.054012</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fasoli M., Vedda A., Nikl M., Jiang C., Uberuaga B. P., Andersson D. A., McClellan K. J., Stanek C. R. Band-gap engineering for removing shallow traps in rare-earth Lu3 Al5 O12 garnet scintillators using Ga3+ doping. Physical Review B, 2011, vol. 84, no. 8, p. 081102. Doi: 10.1103/physrevb.84.081102</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fasoli M., Vedda A., Nikl M., Jiang C., Uberuaga B. P., Andersson D. A., McClellan K. J., Stanek C. R. Band-gap engineering for removing shallow traps in rare-earth Lu3 Al5 O12 garnet scintillators using Ga3+ doping. Physical Review B, 2011, vol. 84, no. 8, p. 081102. Doi: 10.1103/physrevb.84.081102</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auffray E., Augulis R., Borisevich A., Gulbinas V., Fedorov A., Korjik M., Lucchini M. T., Mechinsky V., Nargelas S., Songaila E., Tamulaitis G., Vaitkevičius A., Zazubovich S. Luminescence rise time in self-activated PbWO4 and Ce-doped Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 scintillation crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 2016, vol. 178, pp. 54–60. Doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.05.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auffray E., Augulis R., Borisevich A., Gulbinas V., Fedorov A., Korjik M., Lucchini M. T., Mechinsky V., Nargelas S., Songaila E., Tamulaitis G., Vaitkevičius A., Zazubovich S. Luminescence rise time in self-activated PbWO4 and Ce-doped Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 scintillation crystals. Journal of Luminescence, 2016, vol. 178, pp. 54–60. Doi: 10.1016/j.jlumin.2016.05.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucchini M., Gundacker S., Lecoq P., Benaglia A., Nikl M., Kamada K., Yoshikawa A., Auffray E. Timing capabilities of garnet crystals for detection of high energy charged particles. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2017, vol. 852, pp. 1–9. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima. 2017.02.008</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucchini M., Gundacker S., Lecoq P., Benaglia A., Nikl M., Kamada K., Yoshikawa A., Auffray E. Timing capabilities of garnet crystals for detection of high energy charged particles. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2017, vol. 852, pp. 1–9. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima. 2017.02.008</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucchini M., Babin V., Bohacek P., Gundacker S., Kamada K., Nikl M., Petrosyan A., Yoshikawa A., Auffray E. Effect of Mg2+ ions co-doping on timing performance and radiation tolerance of Cerium doped Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 crystals. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2016, vol. 816, pp. 176–183. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucchini M., Babin V., Bohacek P., Gundacker S., Kamada K., Nikl M., Petrosyan A., Yoshikawa A., Auffray E. Effect of Mg2+ ions co-doping on timing performance and radiation tolerance of Cerium doped Gd3 Al2 Ga3 O12 crystals. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2016, vol. 816, pp. 176–183. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2016.02.004</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Auffray E., Korjik M., Lucchini M. T., Nargelas S., Sidletskiy O., Tamulaitis G., Yratsiak Y. T., Vaitkevičius A. Free carriers absorption in self-activated PbWO4 and Ce-doped Y3 (Al0.25Ga0.75) 3 )O12, and Gd3 Al2Ga3 O12 garnet scintillators. Optical Materials, 2016, vol. 58, pp. 461–465. Doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2016.06.040</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Auffray E., Korjik M., Lucchini M. T., Nargelas S., Sidletskiy O., Tamulaitis G., Yratsiak Y. T., Vaitkevičius A. Free carriers absorption in self-activated PbWO4 and Ce-doped Y3 (Al0.25Ga0.75) 3 )O12, and Gd3 Al2Ga3 O12 garnet scintillators. Optical Materials, 2016, vol. 58, pp. 461–465. Doi: 10.1016/j.optmat.2016.06.040</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tamulaitis G., Vaitkevičius A., Nargelas S., Augulis R., Gulbinas V., Bohacek P., Nikl M., Borisevich A., Fedorov A., Korjik M., Auffray E. Subpicosecond luminescence rise time in magnesium codoped GAGG:Ce scintillator. Nuclear Instrum ents and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2017, vol. 870, pp. 25–29. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.015</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tamulaitis G., Vaitkevičius A., Nargelas S., Augulis R., Gulbinas V., Bohacek P., Nikl M., Borisevich A., Fedorov A., Korjik M., Auffray E. Subpicosecond luminescence rise time in magnesium codoped GAGG:Ce scintillator. Nuclear Instrum ents and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2017, vol. 870, pp. 25–29. Doi: 10.1016/j.nima.2017.07.015</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
