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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestifm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-математических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-2430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-2430-2020-56-3-350-360</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestifm-538</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Частица со спином 3/2: модели Паули – Фирца и Фрадкина, взаимодействие с внешними полями</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Spin 3/2 particle: Puali – Fierz and Fradkin models, interaction with external fields</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ивашкевич</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivashkevich</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ивашкевич Алина Валентиновна – магистрант</p><p>пр. Независимости, 68-2, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alina V. Ivashkevich – Master Student</p><p>68-2, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivashkevich.alina@yandex.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Войнова</surname><given-names>Я. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voynova</surname><given-names>Ya. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Войнова Янина Александровна – кандидат физико-математических наук, преподаватель</p><p>ул. М. Богдановича, 29, 220029, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yanina A. Voynova – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Teacher</p><p>29, M. Bogdanovich Str., 220029, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">voinovayanina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Овсиюк</surname><given-names>Е. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Оvsiyuk</surname><given-names>E. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Овсиюк Елена Михайловна – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой теоретической физики и прикладной информатики</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 28, 247760, г. Мозырь, Гомельская обл.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Еlena М. Оvsiyuk – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Assistant Professor, Head of the Department of Theoretical Physics and Applied Informatics</p><p>28, Studencheskaya Str., 247760, Mozyr</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">e.ovsiyuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кисель</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kisel</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кисель Василий Васильевич – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент, доцент кафедры физики</p><p>ул. П. Бровки, 6, 220013, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vasily V. Kisel – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Assistant Professor, Assistant Professor of the Department of Physics</p><p>6, P. Brovka Str., 220013, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasiliy_bspu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Редьков</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Red’kov</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Редьков Виктор Михайлович – доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник центра «Фундаментальные взаимодействия и астрофизика»</p><p>пр. Независимости, 68-2, 220072, г. Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor M. Red’kov – Dr. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Chief Researcher of the Center «Fundamental Interactions and Astrophysics»</p><p>68-2, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">redkov@dragon.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт физики им. Б. И. Степанова Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Минское суворовское военное училище</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Minsk Suvorov Military School</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Мозырский государственный педагогический университет им. И. П. Шамякина</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Mozyr State Pedagogical University named after I. P. Shamyakin</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет информатики и радиоэлектроники</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronics</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>10</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>56</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>350</fpage><lpage>360</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ивашкевич А.В., Войнова Я.А., Овсиюк Е.М., Кисель В.В., Редьков В.М., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ивашкевич А.В., Войнова Я.А., Овсиюк Е.М., Кисель В.В., Редьков В.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivashkevich A.V., Voynova Y.A., Оvsiyuk E.M., Kisel V.V., Red’kov V.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/538">https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/538</self-uri><abstract><p>В рамках общего формализма Гельфанда – Яглома исследуется теория Фрадкина для частицы со спином 3/2 в присутствии внешних полей. С помощью стандартных требований релятивистской инвариантности, P-симметрии, существования функции Лагранжа для развиваемой модели сначала выведен набор спинорных уравнений при отсутствии внешних полей. Волновая функция эквивалента набору из биспинора и вектор-биспинора. Показывается, что в свободном случае теория Фрадкина может быть приведена к теории Паули – Фирца. При учете внешних электромагнитных полей теория Фрадкина может быть приведена к минимальной форме уравнения для основного биспинора. Полученное уравнение содержит дополнительный член взаимодействия через тензор Fαβ электромагнитного поля, при этом появляется параметр в уравнении Фрадкина, соотносимый с некоторой дополнительной к заряду характеристикой частицы. Теория обобщается, для того чтобы учесть псевдориманову структуру пространства-времени. В общековариантном случае появляется дополнительный член взаимодействия через тензор Риччи Rαβ. При нулевом электрическом заряде частицы теория Фрадкина остается корректной и описывает майорановскую частицу со спином 3/2, неминимально взаимодействующую со структурой пространства-времени через тензор Риччи. Чтобы прояснить физический смысл дополнительного параметра Фрадкина, отличающего ее от модели Паули – Фирца, исследуем нерелятивистское приближение в обеих моделях во внешнем однородном магнитном поле, два различающихся спектра энергии найдены в явном виде. Структура нерелятивистского уравнения позволяет рассматривать дополнительный параметр как поляризуемость.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In the frame of the general Gel’fand – Yaglom formalism, the Fradkin theory for a spin 3/2 particle in presence of external fields is investigated. Applying the standard requirements of relativistic invariance, P-symmetry, existence of a Lagrangian for the model, we derive a set of spinor equations, first in absence of external fields. The wave function consists of a bispinor and a vector-bispinor. It is shown that in absence of external fields the Fradkin model is reduced to the Pauli – Fierz theory. Taking into account the presence of external electromagnetic fields, the Fradkin theory can be turned to the minimal form of the equation for the main bispinor. This equation contains an additional interaction term governed by the electromagnetic tensor Fαβ. Meanwhile, there appears a parameter in the Fradkin equation related to any characteristic of the particle additional to its charge. The theory is generalized for taking into account the pseudo-Riemannian space-time geometry. In this case, the Fradkin equation contains an additional interaction term, governed by the Ricci tensor Rαβ. If the electric charge of the particle is zero, the Fradkin model remains correct and describes a neutral spin 3/2 particle of the Majorana type interacting nonminimally with the geometrical background through the Ricci tensor. To clarify the meaning of the additional physical characteristics underlying the Fradkin model in contrast to the Pauli – Fierz one we have considered nonrelativistic approximation for both theories in presence of an external uniform magnetic field, and found respective energy spectra. The structure of the ninrelativistic Fradkin equation permits to consider such an additional parameter as polarizability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>спин 3/2</kwd><kwd>обобщенные волновые уравнения</kwd><kwd>Паули – Фирц</kwd><kwd>Фрадкин</kwd><kwd>электромагнитные поля</kwd><kwd>риманово пространство-время</kwd><kwd>неминимальное взаимодействие</kwd><kwd>нерелятивистское приближение</kwd><kwd>точные решения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spin 3/2</kwd><kwd>generalized wave equations</kwd><kwd>Pauli – Fierz</kwd><kwd>Fradkin</kwd><kwd>electromagnetic fields</kwd><kwd>Riemannian spacetime</kwd><kwd>nonminimal interaction</kwd><kwd>exact solutions</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dirac, P. A. M. Relativistic wave equations / P. A. M. Dirac // Proc. R. Soc. London. Ser. A – Math. Phys. 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