<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestifm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-математических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-2430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-2430-2022-58-1-7-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestifm-625</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>МАТЕМАТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>MATHEMATICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Субдифференцируемость функций, выпуклых относительно множества липшицевых вогнутых функций</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The subdifferentiability of functions convex with respect to the set of Lipschitz concave functions</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гороховик</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gorokhovik</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гороховик Валентин Викентьевич – член-корреспондент Национальной академии наук Беларуси, доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, заведующий отделом нелинейного и стохастического анализа</p><p>ул. Сурганова, 11, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentin V. Gorokhovik – Corresponding Member of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Dr. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of the Department of Nonlinear and Stochastic Analysis</p><p>11, Surganov Str., 220072, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gorokh@im.bas-net.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тыкун</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tykoun</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тыкун Александр Станиславович – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p><p>пр. Независимости, 4, 220030, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander S. Tykoun – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Associate Professor</p><p>4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tykoun@bsu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт математики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Mathematics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белорусский государственный университет</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Belorussian State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>04</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>58</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Гороховик В.В., Тыкун А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Гороховик В.В., Тыкун А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Gorokhovik V.V., Tykoun A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/625">https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/625</self-uri><abstract><p>Функция, определенная на нормированном пространстве X, называется выпуклой относительно множества LĈ := LĈ (X,R ) липшицевых классически вогнутых функций (далее для краткости – LĈ -выпуклой), если она является верхней огибающей некоторого подмножества функций из LĈ. Функция является LĈ –выпуклой в том и только том случае, когда она полунепрерывна снизу и, кроме того, ограничена снизу некоторой липшицевой функцией. В статье вводится понятие LĈ -субдифференцируемости функции в точке, т. е. субдифференцируемости относительно липшицевых вогнутых функций, обобщающее понятие субдифференцируемости классически выпуклых функций, и доказывается, что для любой LĈ -выпуклой функции множество точек, в которых она является LĈ -субдифференцируемой, является плотным в ее эффективной области. Данное утверждение распространяет на более широкий класс полунепрерывных снизу функций известную теорему Брондстеда – Рокафеллара о существовании субдифференциала для классически выпуклых полунепрерывных снизу функций. Используя элементы подмножества LĈ θ ⊂ LĈ , состоящего из таких липшицевых вогнутых функций, которые принимают нулевое значение в нулевой точке пространства X, определяются понятия LĈ θ LĈ -субградиента и LĈ θ  -субдифференциала функции в точке. Исследуются свойства LĈ θ -субдифференциалов и их связь с классическим субдифференциалом Фенхеля – Рокафеллара. Рассматривая в качестве элементарных функций множество LČ := LČ (X,R ) липшицевых выпуклых (в классическом смысле) функций, вводятся симметричные LĈ -выпуклости и LĈ -субдифференцируемости понятия LČ -вогнутости и LČ -супердифференцируемости функций. В терминах LĈθ –субдифференциалов и LČθ -супердифференциалов устанавливаются критерии для точек глобального минимума и максимума функций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A function defined on normed vector spaces X is called convex with respect to the set LĈ := LĈ (X,R ) ofLipschitz continuous classically concave functions (further, for brevity, LĈ -convex), if it is the upper envelope of some subset of functions from LĈ. A function f is LĈ -convex if and only if it is lower semicontinuous and bounded from below by a Lipschitz function. We introduce the notion of LĈ -subdifferentiability of a function at a point, i. e., subdifferentiability with respect to Lipschitz concave functions, which generalizes the notion of subdifferentiability of classically convex functions, and prove that for each LĈ -convex function the set of points at which it is LĈ -subdifferentiable is dense in its effective domain. The last result extends the well-known Brondsted – Rockafellar theorem on the existence of the subdifferential for classically convex lower semicontinuous functions to the more wide class of lower semicontinuous functions. Using elements of the subset LĈ θ ⊂ LĈ, which consists of Lipschitz continuous functions vanishing at the origin of X we introduce the notions of LĈ θ -subgradient and LĈ θ -subdifferential for a function at a point.The properties of LĈ -subdifferentials and their relations with the classical Fenchel – Rockafellar subdifferential are studied. Considering the set LČ := LČ (X,R ) of Lipschitz continuous classically convex functions as elementary ones we define the notions of LČ -concavity and LČ -superdifferentiability that are symmetric to the LĈ -convexity and LĈ -subdifferentiability of functions. We also derive criteria for global minimum and maximum points of nonsmooth functions formulated in terms of LĈ θ -subdifferentials and LČ θ -superdifferentials.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абстрактная выпуклость</kwd><kwd>полунепрерывные функции</kwd><kwd>липшицевы функции</kwd><kwd>вогнутые функции</kwd><kwd>субдифференцируемость</kwd><kwd>субдифференциал</kwd><kwd>глобальный экстремум</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abstract convexity</kwd><kwd>semicontinuous functions</kwd><kwd>Lipschitz functions</kwd><kwd>concave functions</kwd><kwd>subdifferentiability</kwd><kwd>subgradient</kwd><kwd>subdifferential</kwd><kwd>global extremum</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Государственной программы фундаментальных исследований «Конвергенция-2025».</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out within the framework of the State Program for Fundamental Research “Convergence-2025”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутателадзе, С. С. Двойственность Минковского и ее приложения / С. С. Кутателадзе, А. М. Рубинов // Успехи мат. наук. – 1972. – Т. 27, вып. 3 (165). – С. 127–176.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutateladze S. S., Rubinov A. M. Minkowski duality and its applications. Russian Mathematical Surveys, 1972, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 137–192.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кутателадзе, С. С. Двойственность Минковского и ее приложения / С. С. Кутателадзе, А. М. Рубинов. – Новосибирск: Наука, 1976. – 254 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kutateladze S. S., Rubinov A. M. Minkowski Duality and its Applications. Novosibirsk, Nauka Publ., 1976. 254 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dolecki, S. On Φ-convexity in extremal problems / S. Dolecki, S. Kurcyusz // SIAM J. Control Optim. – 1978. – Vol. 16, № 2. – P. 277–300. https://doi.org/10.1137/0316018</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dolecki S., Kurcyusz S. On Φ-convexity in extremal problems. SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization, 1978, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 277–300. https://doi.org/10.1137/0316018</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pallaschke, D. Foundations of Mathematical Optimization (Convex analysis without linearity) / D. Pallaschke, S. Rolewicz. – Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ., 1997. – 596 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1588-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pallaschke D., Rolewicz S. Foundations of Mathematical Optimization (Convex analysis without linearity). Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publ., 1997. 596 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1588-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singer, I. Abstract Convex Analysis / I. Singer. – New York: Wiley-Interscience Publ., 1997. – 491 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singer I. Abstract Convex Analysis. New York, Wiley-Interscience Publ., 1997. 491 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubinov, A. M. Abstract Convexity and Global Optimization / A. M. Rubinov. – Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publ., 2000. – 490 р. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3200-9_9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubinov A. M. Abstract Convexity and Global Optimization. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publ., 2000. 490 р. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3200-9_9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Экланд, И. Выпуклый анализ и вариационные проблемы / И. Экланд, Р. Темам. – М.: Мир, 1979. – 399 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekeland I, Temam R. Convex Analysis and Variational Problems. Amsterdam, North-Holland, 1976. 417 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rubinov, A. M. Abstract Convexity, Global Optimization and Data Classification / A. M. Rubinov // OPSEARCH. – 2001. – Vol. 38, № 3. – P. 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03398635</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rubinov A. M. Abstract Convexity, Global Optimization and Data Classification. OPSEARCH, 2001, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 247–265. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03398635</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ioffe, A. D. Abstract convexity and non-smooth analysis / A. D. Ioffe // Adv. Math. Econ. – 2001. – Vol. 3. – P. 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67891-5_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ioffe A. D. Abstract convexity and non-smooth analysis. Advances in Mathematical Economics, 2001, vol. 3, pp. 45–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-67891-5_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Burachik, R. S. Abstract convexity and augmented Lagrangians / R. S. Burachik, A. M. Rubinov // SIAM J. on Optim. – 2007. – Vol. 18, № 2. – P. 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1137/050647621</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burachik R. S., Rubinov A. M. Abstract convexity and augmented Lagrangians. SIAM Journal on Optimization, 2007, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1137/050647621</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bednarczuk, E. M. Minimax theorems for φ-convex functions with applications / E. M. Bednarczuk, M. Syga // Control and Cybernetics. – 2014. – Vol. 43, № 3. – P. 421–437.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bednarczuk E. M., Syga M. Minimax theorems for φ-convex functions with applications. Control and Cybernetics, 2014, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 421–437.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zero duality gap conditions via abstract convexity / H. T. Bui [et al.] // Optimization. – 2021. – 37 p. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2021.1910694</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bui H. T., Burachik R. S., Kruger A. Y., Yost D. T. Zero duality gap conditions via abstract convexity. Optimization, 2021. 37 p. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2021.1910694</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorokhovik, V. V. Minimal convex majorants of functions and Demyanov-Rubinov exhaustive super(sub)differentials / V. V. Gorokhovik // Optimization. J. Math. Program. Oper. Res. – 2019. – Vol. 68, № 10. – P. 1933–1961. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2018.1518446</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhovik V. V. Minimal convex majorants of functions and Demyanov-Rubinov exhaustive super(sub)differentials. Optimization. A Journal of Mathematical Programming and Operations Research, 2019, vol. 68, no. 10. pp. 1933–1961. https://doi.org/10.1080/02331934.2018.1518446</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гороховик, В. В. Опорные точки полунепрерывных снизу функций относительно множества липшицевых вогнутых функций / В. В. Гороховик, А. С. Тыкун // Докл. Нац. акад. наук Беларуси. – 2019. – Т. 63, № 6. – С. 647–653. https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2019-63-6-647-653</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhovik V. V., Tykoun A. S. Support points of lower semicontinuous functions with respect to the set of Lipschitz concave functions. Doklady Natsionalꞌnoi akademii nauk Belarusi = Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2019, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 647–653 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-8323-2019-63-6-647-653</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гороховик, В. В. Абстрактная выпуклость функций относительно множества липшицевых (вогнутых) функций / В. В. Гороховик, А. С. Тыкун // Тр. Ин-та математики и механики УрО РАН. – 2019. – Т. 25, № 3. – С. 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21538/0134-4889-2019-25-3-73-85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhovik V. V., Tykoun A. S. Abstract convexity of functions with respect to the set of Lipschitz (concave) functions. Trudy Instituta Matematiki i Mekhaniki URO RAN, 2019, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 73–85 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.21538/0134-4889-2019-23-3-73-85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gorokhovik, V. V. Abstract convexity of functions with respect to the set of Lipschitz (concave) functions / V. V. Gorokhovik, A. S. Tykoun // Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics. – 2020. – Vol. 309, suppl. 1. – P. S36– S46. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0081543820040057</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gorokhovik V. V., Tykoun A. S. Abstract convexity of functions with respect to the set of Lipschitz (concave) functions. Proceedings of the Steklov Institute of Mathematics, 2020, vol. 309, suppl. 1, pp. S36–S46. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0081543820040057</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Brondsted, A. On the subdifferentiability of convex functions / A. Brondsted, T. R. Rockafellar // Proc. Am. Math. Soc. – 1965. – Vol. 16, № 4. – P. 605–611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2033889</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brondsted A., Rockafellar T. R. On the subdifferentiability of convex functions. Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 1965, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 605–611. https://doi.org/10.2307/2033889</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рокафеллар, Р. Выпуклый анализ / Р. Рокафеллар. – М.: Мир, 1973. – 469 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rockafellar R. T. Convex Analysis. Princeton University Press, 1970. 472 p. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400873173</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Martin, R. H. Nonlinear operators and differential equations in Banach spaces / R. H. Martin. – New York: Wiley, 1976. – 455 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-04-715-7363-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Martin R. H. Nonlinear Operators and Differential Equations in Banach Spaces. New York, Wiley, 1976. 455 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-04-715-7363-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borwein, J. M. Convex functions: constructions, characterizations and counterexamples / J. M. Borwein, J. D. Vande rwerff. – Cambridge University Press, 2010. – 521 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087322</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borwein J. M., Vanderwerff J. D. Convex Functions: Constructions, Characterizations and Counterexamples. Cambridge University Press, 2010. 521 p. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139087322</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kruger, A. Y. On Fréchet subdifferentials / A. Y. Kruger // J. Math. Sci. – Vol. 116, № 3. – 2003. – P. 3325–3358. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023673105317</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kruger A. Y. On Fréchet subdifferentials. Journal of Mathematical Sciences, 2003, vol. 116, no. 3, pp. 3325–3358. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023673105317</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
