<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestifm</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Известия Национальной академии наук Беларуси. Серия физико-математических наук</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Physics and Mathematics Series</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1561-2430</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2524-2415</issn><publisher><publisher-name>The Republican Unitary Enterprise Publishing House "Belaruskaya Navuka"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.29235/1561-2430-2024-60-4-344-352</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestifm-815</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Влияние отжига на структурно-фазовое состояние и физико-механические свойства вакуумно-дуговых покрытий TiN, нанесенных на сталь 9ХС</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Influence of annealing on the structural-phase state and physical-mechanical properties of vacuum-arc TiN coatings applied to 90CrSi steel</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кукареко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kukareko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кукареко Владимир Аркадьевич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, начальник Центра структурных исследований и трибо-механических испытаний материалов и изделий машиностроения</p><p>ул. Академическая, 12, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir A. Kukareko – Dr. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Chief of the Center of Structural Research and Tribo-Mechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products</p><p>12, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кушнеров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kushnerou</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кушнеров Андрей Викторович – научный сотрудник Центра структурных исследований и трибо-механических испытаний материалов и изделий машиностроения</p><p>ул. Академическая, 12, 220072, Минск</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei V. Kushnerou – Researcher of the Center of Structural Research and Tribo-Mechanical Testing of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Products</p><p>12, Akademicheskaya Str., 220072, Minsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kushnerou@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Попок</surname><given-names>Н. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Popok</surname><given-names>N. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Попок Николай Николаевич – доктор технических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой технологии и оборудования машиностроительного производства</p><p>ул. Блохина, 29, 211440, Новополоцк</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nikolai N. Popok – Dr. Sc. (Engineering), Professor, Head of the Department of Technology and Equipment of Machine-building Industry</p><p>29, Blokhin Str., 211440, Novopolotsk</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">n.popok@psu.by</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Объединенный институт машиностроения Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>The Joint Institute of Mechanical Engineering of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Полоцкий государственный университет имени Евфросинии Полоцкой</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Euphrosyne Polotskaya State University of Polotsk</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>60</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>344</fpage><lpage>352</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кукареко В.А., Кушнеров А.В., Попок Н.Н., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кукареко В.А., Кушнеров А.В., Попок Н.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kukareko V.A., Kushnerou A.V., Popok N.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/815">https://vestifm.belnauka.by/jour/article/view/815</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследовано влияние отжига при 350–500 °С на структурно-фазовое состояние, нанотвердость, модуль упругости и критическую нагрузку отслаивания Lc вакуумно-дуговых покрытий TiN, нанесенных на подложку из предварительно отожженной стали 9ХС. Установлено, что в покрытии TiN содержатся фазы TiN и Ti. Нанотвердость покрытия составляет 29 ГПа, а модуль упругости – 485 ГПа. Сделано заключение, что повышенные значения нанотвердости и модуля упругости покрытия связаны с присутствием в нем большого количества дефектов кристаллической решетки. Показано, что по мере увеличения температуры отжига покрытия от 350 до 500 °С значения нанотвердости и модуля упругости покрытий TiN уменьшаются, при этом регистрируется увеличение параметра кристаллической решетки, а также уменьшение плотности дислокаций и диспергирование TiN. Увеличение параметра кристаллической решетки TiN при отжиге покрытия связано с образованием в нем вакансионных комплексов. Установлено, что в результате отжига покрытий TiN нагрузка его отслаивания увеличивается от 12,8 до 21,1 Н. Следовательно, возрастание нагрузки отслаивания покрытия при отжиге связано с образованием оксидной пленки, которая препятствует зарождению (генерированию) дислокаций при внедрении и перемещении индентора в покрытии и, таким образом, замедляет образование микротрещин на границе покрытия и подложки.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The effect of annealing at 350–500 °C on the structural-phase state, nanohardness, elastic modulus and critical peel load Lc of vacuum-arc TiN coatings deposited on a substrate made of pre-annealed 90CrSi steel was investigated. It has been established that the coating contains TiN and Ti phases. The nanohardness of the coating is 29 GPa, and the elastic modulus is 485 GPa. It was concluded that the increased values of the nanohardness and coating elastic modulus are associated with the presence of a large number of crystal lattice defects in it. It is shown that as the annealing temperature of the coating increases from 350 to 500 °C, the values of the nanohardness and elastic modulus of TiN coatings decrease, while an increase in the crystal lattice parameter, as well as a decrease in the dislocation density and TiN dispersion are recorded. An increase in the crystal lattice parameter of TiN during annealing of the coating is associated with the formation of vacancy complexes in it. It was found that as a result of annealing TiN coatings, the peeling load increases from 12.8 to 21.1 N. It was concluded that the increase in the peeling load of the coating during annealing is associated with the formation of an oxide film, which prevents the nucleation (generation) of dislocations during the introduction and movement of the indenter in the coating and, thus, slows down the formation of microcracks at the boundary of the coating and the substrate.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вакуумно-дуговое покрытие TiN</kwd><kwd>отжиг</kwd><kwd>структура</kwd><kwd>нанотвердость</kwd><kwd>модуль упругости</kwd><kwd>нагрузка отслаивания</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vacuum-arc deposition of TiN</kwd><kwd>annealing</kwd><kwd>phase composition</kwd><kwd>nanohardness</kwd><kwd>elastic modulus</kwd><kwd>peeling load</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кирюханцев-Корнеев, Ф. В. Научные и технологические принципы нанесения покрытий методами физического и химического осаждения: методы получения и исследования покрытий / Ф. В. Кирюханцев-Корнеев. – М.: МИСиС, 2015. – 57 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kiryukhantsev-Korneev F. V. Scientific and Technological Principles of Application of Coated Methods of Physical and Chemical Influence: Methods of Production and Research, Protected. Moscow, NUST MISIS Publ., 2015. 57 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Табаков, В. П. Тонкопленочные многослойные покрытия побеждают трещины / В. П. Табаков, М. Ю. Смирнов, А. В. Циркин // Сборник научно-популярных статей – победителей конкурса РФФИ 2006 года / Рос. фонд фундам. исслед. – М.: Природа, 2007. – Вып. 10. – С. 476–485.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tabakov V. P., Smirnov M. Yu., Tsirkin A. V. Thin film multilayer coatings eliminate cracks. Sbornik nauchnopopulyarnykh statei - pobeditelei konkursa RFFI 2006 goda [Collection of popular science articles – winners of the 2006 RFBR competition]. Мoscow, Priroda Publ., 2007, iss. 10, pp. 476–485 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The effect of steel substrate pre-hardening on structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of magnetron sputtered TiN and TiAlN coatings / F. F. Komarov [et al.] // Wear. – 2016. – Vol. 352–353. – P. 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.02.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Komarov, F. F., Konstantinov V. M., Kovalchuk A. V., Konstantinov S. V., Tkachenko H. A. The effect of steel substrate pre-hardening on structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of magnetron sputtered TiN and TiAlN coatings. Wear, 2016, vol. 352–353, pp. 92–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2016.02.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Емельянов, В. А. Вакуумно-плазменные способы формирования защитных и упрочняющих покрытий / В. А. Емельянов, И. А. Иванов, Ж. А. Мрочек. – Минск: Бестпринт, 1998. – 234 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Emel’yanov V. A., Ivanov I. A., Mrochek Zh. A. Vacuum-plasma Methods for the Formation of Protective and Strengthening Coatings. Minsk, Bestprint Publ., 1998. 234 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дороднов, А. М. О физических принципах и типах вакуумных технологических устройств / А. М. Дороднов, В. А. Петросов // Журн. техн. физики. – 1981. – Т. 5, № 3. – С. 504–524.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dorodnov A. M., Petrosov V. A. On the physical principles and types of vacuum technological devices. Zhurnal tekhnicheskoi fiziki = Technical Physics, 1981, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 504–524 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musil, J. Hard nanocomposite coatings: Thermal stability, oxidation resistance and toughness / J. Musil // Surf. Coat. Technol. – 2012. – Vol. 207. – P. 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.073</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musil J. Hard nanocomposite coatings: Thermal stability, oxidation resistance and toughness. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2012, vol. 207, pp. 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2012.05.073</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gleiter, H. Nanocrystalline materials / H. Gleiter // Prog. Mater. Sci. – 1989. – Vol. 33, № 4. – P. 223–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6425(89)90001-7</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gleiter H. Nanocrystalline materials. Progress in Materials Science, 1989, vol. 33, № 4, pp. 223–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6425(89)90001-7</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Валиев, Р. З. Наноструктурные материалы, полученные интенсивной пластической деформацией / Р. З. Валиев, И. В. Александров – М.: Логос, 2000. – 272 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Valiev R. Z., Aleksandrov I. V. Nanostructured Materials Obtained by Severe Plastic Deformation. Moscow, Logos Publ., 2000. 272 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вакуумно-плазменные покрытия на основе многоэлементных нитридов / Н. А. Азаренков [и др.] // Ме таллофизика и новейшие технологии. – 2013. – Т. 35, № 8. – P. 1061–1084.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Azarenkov N. A., Sobol’ O. V., Beresnev V. M., Pogrebnyak A. D., Kolesnikov D. A., Turbin P. V., Toryanik I. N. Vacuum-Plasma Coatings Based on the Multielement Nitrides. Metallofizika i Noveishie Tekhnologii = Metallophysics and Advanced Technologies, 2013, vol. 35, pp. 1061–1084 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Константинов, В. М. Адгезия покрытий Ti-N на модифицированной стальной подложке / В. М. Конс тантинов, Г. А. Ткаченко, А. В. Ковальчук // Металлургия: Респ. межведомств. сб. науч. тр. – Минск, 2014. – Вып. 35. – С. 272–281.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konstantinov V. M., Tkachenko G. A., Koval’chuk A. V. Adhesion of Ti-N coatings on a modified steel substrate. Metallurgiya: respublikanskii mezhvedomstvennyi sbornik nauchnykh trudov [Metallurgy: republican interdepartmental collection of scientific works]. Minsk, 2014, iss. 35, pp. 272–281 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Effect of annealing on the micromorphology and corrosion properties of Ti/SS thin films / S. Rezaee [et. al.] // Superlattices Microstruct. – 2020. – Vol. 146. – Art. ID 106681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106681</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rezaee S., Arman A., Jurečka S., Korpi A. G., Mwema F., Luna C., Sobola D. [et. al.] Effect of annealing on the micromorphology and corrosion properties of Ti/SS thin films. Superlattices and Microstructures, 2020, vol. 146, art. ID 106681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2020.106681</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кристаллография, рентгенография и электронная микроскопия / Я. С. Уманский [и др.]. – М.: Металлургия, 1982. – 632 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov A. N., Rastorguev L. N., Skakov Yu. A., Umanskii Ya. S. Crystallography, Radiography and Electron Microscopy. Moscow, Metallurgiya Publ., 1982. 632 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов, А. С. Рентгенография металлов / А. С. Иванов. – Пермь: Изд-во Перм. нац. исслед. политехн. ун-та, 2014. – 77 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov A. S. Radiography of Metals. Perm, Perm National Research Polytechnic University Publ., 2014. 77 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliver, W. C. An Improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and dis-placement sensing indentation experiments / W. C. Oliver, G. M Pharr // J. Mater. Res. – 1992. – Vol. 7. – P. 1564–1583. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1564</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliver W. C., Pharr G. M. An Improved technique for determining hardness and elastic modulus using load and dis-placement sensing indentation experiments. Journal of Materials Research, 1992, vol. 7, pp. 1564–1583. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.1564</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliver, W. C. Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology / W. C. Oliver, G. M Pharr // J. Mater. Res. – 2004. – Vol. 19. – P. 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliver W. C., Pharr G. M. Measurement of hardness and elastic modulus by instrumented indentation: Advances in understanding and refinements to methodology. Journal of Materials Research, 2004, vol. 19, pp. 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2004.19.1.3</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Трегубов, И. М. Адгезионная прочность композитных покрытий на основе железа / И. М. Трегубов, М. Ю. Смолякова, М. А. Каширин // Вестн. Воронеж. гос. техн. ун-та. – 2016. – Т. 12, № 4. – С. 92–96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tregubov I. M., Smolyakova M. Yu., Kashirin M. A. The adhesion strength of the composite coatings based iron. Vestnik Voronezhskogo gosudarstvennogo tekhnicheskogo universiteta. Tekhnologii materialov [Bulletin of Voronezh State Technical University. Materials technologies], 2016, pp. 92–96 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Определение адгезионной прочности Mo–Ti–N и Mo–Cu–N покрытий на установке «скретч-тестер» / В. М. Анищик [и др.] // Приборы и методы измерений. – 2015. – № 1 (10). – C. 81–86.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Anischik V. M., Kuleshov A. K., Uglov V. V., Rusalsky D. P., Syschenko A. F. Measurement of adhesion strength of Mo–Ti–N and Mo–Сu–N coatings using “scratch-tester” device. Pribory i metody izmerenii = Devices and Methods of Measurements, 2015, no. 1 (10), pp. 81–86 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гольдшмидт, Х. Д. Сплавы внедрения: в 2 вып.: пер. с англ. / Х. Д. Гольдшмидт. – М.: Мир, 1971. – Вып. 1. – 424 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goldschmidt H. J. Interstitial Alloys. New York, Springer, 1967. 632 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5880-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кривоглаз, М. А. Дифракция рентгеновских лучей и нейтронов в неидеальных кристаллах / М. А. Кривоглаз. – Киев: Наук. думка, 1983. – 408 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krivoglaz M. A. Diffraction of X-rays and Neutrons in Nonideal Crystals. Kiev, Naukova Dumka Publ., 1983. 408 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Musil, J. Hard and superhard nanocomposite coatings / J. Musil // Surf. Coat. Technol. – 2000. – Vol. 125, № 1–3. – P. 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00586-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Musil J. Hard and superhard nanocomposite coatings. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2000. vol. 125, no. 1–3, pp. 322–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0257-8972(99)00586-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Яресько, С. И. Нанопленка оксидов металлов зоны лазерной обработки инструментальных сталей и их влияние на работоспособность металлорежущего инструмента / С. И. Яресько // Физ. мезомеханика. – 2004. – Т. 7, спец. вып., ч. 2. – С. 216–219.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaresko S. I. Nanofilms of metal oxides of laser action zone of tool steels and their effect on working capacity of metal-cutting tools. Fizicheskaya mezomekhanika = Physical Mesomechanics, 2004, vol. 7, S2, pp. 216–219 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Влияние закалочных дефектов и примесных атомов на параметры кристаллической решетки α-Fe / В. П. Филиппова [и др.] // Изв. РАН. Сер. физ. – 2019. – Т. 83, № 11. – С. 1576–1584. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0367676519100090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Filippova V. P., Blinova E. N., Sundeev R. V., Glezer A. M., Zhukov O. P., Neumoin K. V., Basov S. V. Influence of quenching defects and impurity atoms on the α-Fe crystal lattice parameters. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya fizicheskaya = Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics, 2019, vol. 83, no. 11, pp. 1576–1584 (in Russian). https://doi.org/10.1134/s0367676519100090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ремнев, Г. Е. Повышение стойкости твердосплавного инструмента методом предварительной обработки мощным ионным пучком и осаждения нитрид-титановго покрытия / Г. Е. Ремнев, В. А. Тарбоков // Физ. мезомеханика. – 2004. – Т. 7, спец. вып., ч. 2. – С. 329–332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remnev G. E., Tarbokov V. A. The increase of hard-alloy tool durability by method of pretreatment with the help of high-power ion beam and deposition of nitride-titanium coating. Fizicheskaya mezomekhanika = Physical Mesomechanics, 2004, vol. 7, S2, pp. 329–332 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Витязь, П. А. Упрочнение твердого сплава методом термогидрохимической обработки / П. А. Витязь, А. А. Шматов, О. Г. Девойно // Докл. Нац. акад. наук Беларуси. – 2013. – Т. 57, № 1. – С. 113–117.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vitiaz P. A., Shmatov A. A., Devoino O. G. Strengthening of hard alloy by the thermos-hydrochemical treatment method. Doklady Natsional’noi akademii nauk Belarusi = Doklady of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 2013, vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 113–117 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
