Effect of the elemental composition and the deposition temperature of Ti-AL-C-N coatings on the morphology and viability of cells on such coatings
https://doi.org/10.29235/1561-2430-2018-54-3-369-378
Abstract
Nanostructural Ti-Al-C-N coatings were produced by reactive magnetron sputtering at substrate temperatures of 220, 340 and 440 °C using mosaic targets with different Al/Ti ratios. Using atomic-force and scanning electron microscopy, it was found that the variation of the elemental composition leads to a change in the morphology of Ti-Al-C-N coatings: at an Al/Ti ratio of 0.39, the films have a mixed columnar-granular structure with no visible defects and a low roughness (3.30–5.86 nm); at an Al/Ti ratio of ~ 0.96, the films show a porous columnar structure with a higher roughness (8.83–11.07 nm) and for an Al/Ti ratio of ~ 1.71, the films have a fine-grained structure and the smallest roughness values (0.48–1.74 nm). Substrate heating from 220 to 440 °C did not significantly affect the elemental composition of Ti-Al-C-N films, but it affected the deposition rate, surface roughness, and the microstructure of the coatings. MTT-test results showed no relationship between the fibroblasts viability, the coating roughness and the coating elemental composition. However, the cells viability and their ability to proliferate on the Ti-Al-C-N coatings surface were preserved.
About the Authors
I. M. Klimovich
Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Iryna M. Klimovich – Postgraduate Student.
4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk.
F. F. Komarov
Belarusian State University; A.N. Sevchenko Institute of Applied Physical Problems of the Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Fadei F. Komarov – Corresponding Member, D. Sc. (Physics and Mathematics), Professor, Head of the Laboratory.
7, Kurchatov Str., 220045, Minsk.
M. V. Sholukh
Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Mikhail V. Sholukh – Ph. D. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory.
4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk.
V. A. Zaikov
Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Valery A. Zaikov – Senior Researcher.
4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk.
L. V. Baran
Belarusian State University
Belarus
Belarus
Ludmila V. Baran – Ph. D. (Physics and Mathematics), Head of the Research Services Sector.
4, Nezavisimosti Ave., 220030, Minsk.
References
1. Azarenkov N. A., Beresnev V. M., Pogrebnyak A. D., Malikov L. V., Turbin P. V. Nanomaterials, nanocoatings, nanotechnologies. Kharkov, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 2009. 209 p. (in Russian).
2. Subramanian B., Muraleedharan C. V., Ananthakumar R., Jayachandran M. A comparative study of titanium nitride (TiN), titanium oxy nitride (TiON) and titanium aluminum nitride (TiAlN), as surface coatings for bio implants. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2011, vol. 205, no. 21–22, pp. 5014–5020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.05.004
3. Yi P., Peng L., Huang J. Multilayered TiAlN films on Ti6Al4V alloy for biomedical applications by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating process. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2016, vol. 59, pp. 669–676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.10.071
4. Administration Food and Drug. Use of International Standard ISO 10993-1, Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices. Part 1: Evaluation and Testing within a Risk Management Process. 2016. 65 p.
5. Balasubramanian S., Guruswamy B., Takahashi M., Nishikawa H., Kobayashi A. Evaluation of Plasma Ion Beam Sputtered TiN/TiAlN Multilayers on Steel for Bio Implant Applications. Transactions JWRI, 2011, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 55–58.
6. Subramanian B., Ananthakumar R., Jayachandran M. Microstructural, mechanical and electrochemical corrosion properties of sputtered titanium – aluminum – nitride films for bio-implants. Vacuum, 2010, vol. 85, no. 5, pp. 601–609. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2010.08.019
7. Klimovich I. M., Kuleshov V. N., Zaikov V. A., Burmakov A. P., Komarov F. F., Ludchik O. R. Gas flow control system in reactive magnetron sputtering technology. Pribory i metody izmerenii = Devices and methods of measurements, 2015, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 139–147 (in Russian).
8. Burmakov A. P., Kuleshov V. N., Stoliarov A. V. Gas puffing control system for magnetron technologies of film coatings deposition. Mezhdunarodnyi kongress po informatike: informatsionnye sistemy i tekhnologii = International Congress on Computer Science: Information Systems and Technologies. Minsk, Belarusian State University, 2016, pp. 771–776 (in Russian).
9. Cyster L. A., Parker K. G., Parker T. L., Grant D. M. The effect of surface chemistry and nanotopography of titanium nitride (TiN) films on primary hippocampal neurones. Biomaterials, 2004, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 97–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(03)00480-0
10. Nikš M., Otto M. Towards an optimized MTT assay. Journal of Immunological Methods, 1990, vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 149–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(90)90309-j
11. Devia D. M., Restrepo-Parra E., Arango P. J., Tschiptschin A. P., Velez J. M. TiAlN coatings deposited by triode magnetron sputtering varying the bias voltage. Applied Surface Science, 2011, vol. 257, no. 14, pp. 6181–6185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.02.027
12. Riedl H., Koller C. M., Munnik F., Hutter H., Mendez Martin F., Rachbauer R., Kolozsvári S., Bartosik M., Mayrhofer P. H. Influence of oxygen impurities on growth morphology, structure and mechanical properties of Ti–Al–N thin films. Thin Solid Films, 2016, vol. 603, pp. 39–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2016.01.039
13. Petrov I., Barna P. B., Hultman L., Greene J. E. Microstructural evolution during film growth. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films, 2003, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. S117–S128. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1601610
14. Wuhrer R., Yeung W. Y. A study on the microstructure and property development of dc magnetron cosputtered ternary titanium aluminium nitride coatings Part III effect of substrate bias voltage and temperature. Journal of Materials Science, 2002, vol. 37, no. 10, pp. 1993–2004. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015299115086
15. Musil J., Poláková H, Šuna J., Vlček J. Effect of ion bombardment on properties of hard reactively sputtered Ti(Fe)Nx films. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2004, vol. 177–178, pp. 289–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2003.09.007
16. Musil J. Physical and mechanical properties of hard nanocomposite films prepared by reactive magnetron sputtering. Nanostructured Coatings. Springer, 2006, pp. 407–463. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-48756-5_10
17. Surmeneva M. A. Regularities of formation, structural features and properties of coatings based on calcium phosphates obtained by HF magnetron deposition. Tomsk, 2012. 158 p. (in Russian).
18. Ashmarin I. P., Vasil’ev N. N., Amvrosov V. A. Fast methods of statistical processing and experiment planning. Leningrad, Publishing House of the Leningrad State University, 1975. 76 p. (in Russian).
19. Ponsonnet L., Reybier K., Jaffrezic N., Comte V., Lagneau C., Lissac M., Martelet C. Relationship between surface properties (roughness, wettability) of titanium and titanium alloys and cell behaviour. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2003, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 551–560. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(03)00033-X
20. Ponsonnet L., Comte V., Othmane A., Lagneau C., Charbonnier M., Lissac M., Jaffrezic N. Effect of surface topography and chemistry on adhesion, orientation and growth of fibroblasts on nickel – titanium substrates. Materials Science and Engineering C, 2002, vol. 21, no. 1–2, pp. 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4931(02)00097-8
21. Elias C. N., Oshida Y., Lima J. H. C., Muller C. A. Relationship between surface properties (roughness, wettability and morphology) of titanium and dental implant removal torque. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2008, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2007.12.002
22. Alekhin A. P., Boleiko G. M., Gudkova S. A., Markeev A. M., Sigarev A. A., Toknova V. F., Kirilenko A. G., Lapshin R. V., Kozlov E. N., Tetukhin D. V. Synthesis of biocompatible surfaces by nanotechnology methods. Rossiiskie nanotekhnologii = Russian nanotechnologies, 2010, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 128–136 (in Russian).
Review
Views: 917
Email this article 